Sunday, May 29, 2011

L2TP Tunnel

General Information



Summary


L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol) supports encrypted tunnels over IP. The MikroTik RouterOS implementation includes support for both L2TP client and server.

General applications of L2TP tunnels include:


  • secure router-to-router tunnels over the Internet

  • linking (bridging) local Intranets or LANs

  • extending PPP user connections to a remote location (for example, to separate authentication and Internet access points for ISP)

  • accessing an Intranet/LAN of a company for remote (mobile) clients (employees)



Each L2TP connection is composed of a server and a client. The MikroTik RouterOS may function as a server or client or, for various configurations, it may be the server for some connections and client for other connections.


Quick Setup Guide


To make a L2TP tunnel between 2 MikroTik routers with IP addresses 10.5.8.104 (L2TP server) and 10.1.0.172 (L2TP client), follow the next steps.


  • Configuration on L2TP server router:


    1. Add a L2TP user:
      [admin@L2TP-Server] ppp secret> add name=user password=passwd \
      \... local-address=10.0.0.1 remote-address=10.0.0.2


    2. Enable the L2TP server
      [admin@L2TP-Server] interface l2tp-server server> set enabled=yes




  • Configuration on L2TP client router:


    1. Add a L2TP client:
      [admin@L2TP-Client] interface l2tp-client> add user=user password=passwd \
      \... connect-to=10.5.8.104







Specifications


Packages required: ppp
License required: Level1 (limited to 1 tunnel) , Level3 (limited to 200 tunnels) , Level5
Submenu level: /interface l2tp-server, /interface l2tp-client
Standards and Technologies: L2TP (RFC 2661)
Hardware usage: Not significant

Description


L2TP is a secure tunnel protocol for transporting IP traffic using PPP. L2TP encapsulates PPP in virtual lines that run over IP, Frame Relay and other protocols (that are not currently supported by MikroTik RouterOS). L2TP incorporates PPP and MPPE (Microsoft Point to Point Encryption) to make encrypted links. The purpose of this protocol is to allow the Layer 2 and PPP endpoints to reside on different devices interconnected by a packet-switched network. With L2TP, a user has a Layer 2 connection to an access concentrator - LAC (e.g., modem bank, ADSL DSLAM, etc.), and the concentrator then tunnels individual PPP frames to the Network Access Server - NAS. This allows the actual processing of PPP packets to be separated from the termination of the Layer 2 circuit. From the user's perspective, there is no functional difference between having the L2 circuit terminate in a NAS directly or using L2TP.

It may also be useful to use L2TP just as any other tunneling protocol with or without encryption. The L2TP standard says that the most secure way to encrypt data is using L2TP over IPsec (Note that it is default mode for Microsoft L2TP client) as all L2TP control and data packets for a particular tunnel appear as homogeneous UDP/IP data packets to the IPsec system.

Multilink PPP (MP) is supported in order to provide MRRU (the ability to transmit full-sized 1500 and larger packets) and bridging over PPP links (using Bridge Control Protocol (BCP) that allows to send raw Ethernet frames over PPP links). This way it is possible to setup bridging without EoIP. The bridge should either have an administratively set MAC address or an Ethernet-like interface in it, as PPP links do not have MAC addresses.

L2TP includes PPP authentication and accounting for each L2TP connection. Full authentication and accounting of each connection may be done through a RADIUS client or locally.

MPPE 40bit RC4 and MPPE 128bit RC4 encryption are supported.

L2TP traffic uses UDP protocol for both control and data packets. UDP port 1701 is used only for link establishment, further traffic is using any available UDP port (which may or may not be 1701). This means that L2TP can be used with most firewalls and routers (even with NAT) by enabling UDP traffic to be routed through the firewall or router.


L2TP Client Setup


Submenu level: /interface l2tp-client

Property Description


add-default-route (yes | no; default: no) - whether to use the server which this client is connected to as its default router (gateway)allow (multiple choice: mschap2, mschap1, chap, pap; default: mschap2, mschap1, chap, pap) - the protocol to allow the client to use for authenticationconnect-to (IP address) - The IP address of the L2TP server to connect tomax-mru (integer; default: 1460) - Maximum Receive Unit. The optimal value is the MRU of the interface the tunnel is working over decreased by 40 (so, for 1500-byte Ethernet link, set the MRU to 1460 to avoid fragmentation of packets)max-mtu (integer; default: 1460) - Maximum Transmission Unit. The optimal value is the MTU of the interface the tunnel is working over decreased by 40 (so, for 1500-byte Ethernet link, set the MTU to 1460 to avoid fragmentation of packets)mrru (integer: 512..65535; default: disabled) - maximum packet size that can be received on the link. If a packet is bigger than tunnel MTU, it will be split into multiple packets, allowing full size IP or Ethernet packets to be sent over the tunnel
disabled - disable MRRU on this link

name (name; default: l2tp-outN) - interface name for referencepassword (text; default: "") - user password to use when logging to the remote serverprofile (name; default: default) - profile to use when connecting to the remote serveruser (text) - user name to use when logging on to the remote server

Notes




Specifying MRRU means enabling MP (Multilink PPP) over single link. This protocol is used to split big packets into smaller ones. Under Windows it can be enabled in Networking tag, Settings button, "Negotiate multi-link for single link connections". Their MRRU is hardcoded to 1614. This setting is usefull to overcome PathMTU discovery failures. The MP should be enabled on both peers.


Example


To set up L2TP client named test2 using username john with password john to connect to the 10.1.1.12 L2TP server and use it as the default gateway:
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-client> add name=test2 connect-to=10.1.1.12 \
\... user=john add-default-route=yes password=john
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-client> print
Flags: X - disabled, R - running
  0 X  name="test2" max-mtu=1460 max-mru=1460 mrru=disabled connect-to=10.1.1.12
       user="john" password="john" profile=default add-default-route=yes
       allow=pap,chap,mschap1,mschap2
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-client> enable 0


Monitoring L2TP Client


Command name: /interface l2tp-client monitor

Property Description


encoding (text) - encryption and encoding (if asymmetric, separated with '/') being used in this connectionidle-time (read-only: time) - time since the last packet has been transmitted over this linkmru (read-only: integer) - effective MRU of the linkmtu (read-only: integer) - effective MTU of the linkstatus (text) - status of the client
dialing - attempting to make a connection
verifying password... - connection has been established to the server, password verification in progress
connected - self-explanatory
terminated - interface is not enabled or the other side will not establish a connection

uptime (time) - connection time displayed in days, hours, minutes and seconds

Example


Example of an established connection:
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-client> monitor test2
     status: "connected"
     uptime: 6h44m9s
  idle-time: 6h44m9s
   encoding: "MPPE128 stateless"
        mtu: 1460
        mru: 1460
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-client>


L2TP Server Setup


Submenu level: /interface l2tp-server server

Description


The L2TP server creates a dynamic interface for each connected L2TP client. The L2TP connection count from clients depends on the license level you have. Level1 license allows 1 L2TP client, Level3 or Level4 licenses up to 200 clients, and Level5 or Level6 licenses do not have L2TP client limitations.

To create L2TP users, you should consult the PPP secret and PPP Profile manuals. It is also possible to use the MikroTik router as a RADIUS client to register the L2TP users, see the manual how to do it.


Property Description


authentication (multiple choice: pap | chap | mschap1 | mschap2; default: mschap2) - authentication algorithmdefault-profile - default profile to useenabled (yes | no; default: no) - defines whether L2TP server is enabled or notkeepalive-timeout (time; default: 30) - defines the time period (in seconds) after which the router is starting to send keepalive packets every second. If no traffic and no keepalive responses has came for that period of time (i.e. 2 * keepalive-timeout), not responding client is proclaimed disconnectedmax-mru (integer; default: 1460) - Maximum Receive Unit. The optimal value is the MRU of the interface the tunnel is working over decreased by 40 (so, for 1500-byte ethernet link, set the MRU to 1460 to avoid fragmentation of packets)max-mtu (integer; default: 1460) - Maximum Transmission Unit. The optimal value is the MTU of the interface the tunnel is working over decreased by 40 (so, for 1500-byte ethernet link, set the MTU to 1460 to avoid fragmentation of packets)mrru (integer: 512..65535; default: disabled) - maximum packet size that can be received on the link. If a packet is bigger than tunnel MTU, it will be split into multiple packets, allowing full size IP or Ethernet packets to be sent over the tunnel
disabled - disable MRRU on this link


Notes




Specifying MRRU means enabling MP (Multilink PPP) over single link. This protocol is used to split big packets into smaller ones. Under Windows it can be enabled in Networking tag, Settings button, "Negotiate multi-link for single link connections". Their MRRU is hardcoded to 1614. This setting is usefull to overcome PathMTU discovery failures. The MP should be enabled on both peers.


Example


To enable L2TP server:
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server server> set enabled=yes
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server server> print
            enabled: yes
            max-mtu: 1460
            max-mru: 1460
               mrru: disabled
     authentication: mschap2,mschap1
  keepalive-timeout: 30
    default-profile: default
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server server>


L2TP Tunnel Interfaces


Submenu level: /interface l2tp-server

Description


There are two types of interface (tunnel) items in PPTP server configuration - static users and dynamic connections. An interface is created for each tunnel established to the given server. Static interfaces are added administratively if there is a need to reference the particular interface name (in firewall rules or elsewhere) created for the particular user. Dynamic interfaces are added to this list automatically whenever a user is connected and its username does not match any existing static entry (or in case the entry is active already, as there can not be two separate tunnel interfaces referenced by the same name). Dynamic interfaces appear when a user connects and disappear once the user disconnects, so it is impossible to reference the tunnel created for that use in router configuration (for example, in firewall), so if you need a persistent rules for that user, create a static entry for him/her. Otherwise it is safe to use dynamic configuration. Note that in both cases PPP users must be configured properly - static entries do not replace PPP configuration.


Property Description


client-address (read-only: IP address) - shows the IP address of the connected clientencoding (read-only: text) - encryption and encoding (if asymmetric, separated with '/') being used in this connectionmru (read-only: integer) - client's MRUmtu (read-only: integer) - client's MTUname (name) - interface nameuptime (read-only: time) - shows how long the client is connecteduser (name) - the name of the user that is configured statically or added dynamically

Example


To add a static entry for ex1 user:
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server> add user=ex1
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server> print
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
  #     NAME                 USER         MTU   CLIENT-ADDRESS  UPTIME   ENC...
  0  DR <l2tp-ex>            ex           1460  10.0.0.202      6m32s    none
  1     l2tp-in1             ex1
[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-server>

In this example an already connected user ex is shown besides the one we just added. Now the interface named l2tp-in1 can be referenced from anywhere in RouterOS configuration like a regular interface.


L2TP Application Examples



Router-to-Router Secure Tunnel Example


The following is an example of connecting two Intranets using an encrypted L2TP tunnel over the Internet.



There are two routers in this example:


  • [HomeOffice]

    Interface LocalHomeOffice 10.150.2.254/24

    Interface ToInternet 192.168.80.1/24

  • [RemoteOffice]

    Interface ToInternet 192.168.81.1/24

    Interface LocalRemoteOffice 10.150.1.254/24



Each router is connected to a different ISP. One router can access another router through the Internet.

On the L2TP server a user must be set up for the client:
[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret> add name=ex service=l2tp password=lkjrht
local-address=10.0.103.1 remote-address=10.0.103.2
[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret> print detail
Flags: X - disabled
  0   name="ex" service=l2tp caller-id="" password="lkjrht" profile=default
      local-address=10.0.103.1 remote-address=10.0.103.2 routes==""
[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret>

Then the user should be added in the L2TP server list:
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server> add user=ex
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server> print
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
  #     NAME                 USER         MTU   CLIENT-ADDRESS  UPTIME   ENC...
  0     l2tp-in1             ex
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server>

And finally, the server must be enabled:
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server server> set enabled=yes
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server server> print
            enabled: yes
            max-mtu: 1460
            max-mru: 1460
               mrru: disabled
     authentication: mschap2
  keepalive-timeout: 30
    default-profile: default
[admin@HomeOffice] interface l2tp-server server>

Add a L2TP client to the RemoteOffice router:
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-client> add connect-to=192.168.80.1 user=ex \
\... password=lkjrht disabled=no
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-client> print
Flags: X - disabled, R - running
  0  R name="l2tp-out1" mtu=1460 mru=1460 mrru=disabled connect-to=192.168.80.1
       user="ex" password="lkjrht" profile=default add-default-route=no
       allow=pap,chap,mschap1,mschap2
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-client>

Thus, a L2TP tunnel is created between the routers. This tunnel is like an Ethernet point-to-point connection between the routers with IP addresses 10.0.103.1 and 10.0.103.2 at each router. It enables 'direct' communication between the routers over third party networks.



To route the local Intranets over the L2TP tunnel you need to add these routes:
[admin@HomeOffice] > ip route add dst-address 10.150.1.0/24 gateway 10.0.103.2
[admin@RemoteOffice] > ip route add dst-address 10.150.2.0/24 gateway 10.0.103.1

On the L2TP server it can alternatively be done using routes parameter of the user configuration:
[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret> print detail
Flags: X - disabled
  0   name="ex" service=l2tp caller-id="" password="lkjrht" profile=default
      local-address=10.0.103.1 remote-address=10.0.103.2 routes==""

[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret> set 0 routes="10.150.1.0/24 10.0.103.2 1"
[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret> print detail
Flags: X - disabled
  0   name="ex" service=l2tp caller-id="" password="lkjrht" profile=default
      local-address=10.0.103.1 remote-address=10.0.103.2
      routes="10.150.1.0/24 10.0.103.2 1"

[admin@HomeOffice] ppp secret>

Test the L2TP tunnel connection:
[admin@RemoteOffice]> /ping 10.0.103.1
10.0.103.1 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
10.0.103.1 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
10.0.103.1 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
ping interrupted
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3.0/3 ms

Test the connection through the L2TP tunnel to the LocalHomeOffice interface:
[admin@RemoteOffice]> /ping 10.150.2.254
10.150.2.254 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
10.150.2.254 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
10.150.2.254 pong: ttl=255 time=3 ms
ping interrupted
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3.0/3 ms

To bridge a LAN over this secure tunnel, please see the example in the 'EoIP' section of the manual. To set the maximum speed for traffic over this tunnel, please consult the 'Queues' section.


Connecting a Remote Client via L2TP Tunnel


The following example shows how to connect a computer to a remote office network over L2TP encrypted tunnel giving that computer an IP address from the same network as the remote office has (without need of bridging over EoIP tunnels).

Please, consult the respective manual on how to set up a L2TP client with the software you are using.



The router in this example:


  • [RemoteOffice]

    Interface ToInternet 192.168.81.1/24

    Interface Office 10.150.1.254/24



The client computer can access the router through the Internet.

On the L2TP server a user must be set up for the client:
[admin@RemoteOffice] ppp secret> add name=ex service=l2tp password=lkjrht
local-address=10.150.1.254 remote-address=10.150.1.2
[admin@RemoteOffice] ppp secret> print detail
Flags: X - disabled
  0   name="ex" service=l2tp caller-id="" password="lkjrht" profile=default
      local-address=10.150.1.254 remote-address=10.150.1.2 routes==""

[admin@RemoteOffice] ppp secret>

Then the user should be added in the L2TP server list:
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server> add name=FromLaptop user=ex
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server> print
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
  #     NAME                 USER         MTU   CLIENT-ADDRESS  UPTIME   ENC...
  0     FromLaptop           ex
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server>

And the server must be enabled:
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server server> set enabled=yes
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server server> print
            enabled: yes
            max-mtu: 1460
            max-mru: 1460
               mrru: disabled
     authentication: mschap2
  keepalive-timeout: 30
    default-profile: default
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface l2tp-server server>

Finally, the proxy APR must be enabled on the 'Office' interface:
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface ethernet> set Office arp=proxy-arp
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface ethernet> print
Flags: X - disabled, R - running
  #    NAME                 MTU   MAC-ADDRESS       ARP
  0  R ToInternet           1500  00:30:4F:0B:7B:C1 enabled
  1  R Office               1500  00:30:4F:06:62:12 proxy-arp
[admin@RemoteOffice] interface ethernet>


L2TP Setup for Windows


Microsoft provides L2TP client support for Windows XP, 2000, NT4, ME and 98. Windows 2000 and XP include support in the Windows setup or automatically install L2TP. For 98, NT and ME, installation requires a download from Microsoft (L2TP/IPsec VPN Client).

For more information, see:

Microsoft L2TP/IPsec VPN Client Microsoft L2TP/IPsec VPN Client

On Windows 2000, L2TP setup without IPsec requires editing registry:

Disabling IPsec for the Windows 2000 Client

Disabling IPSEC Policy Used with L2TP


Troubleshooting



Description




  • I use firewall and I cannot establish L2TP connection

    Make sure UDP connections can pass through both directions between your sites.

  • My Windows L2TP/IPsec VPN Client fails to connect to L2TP server with "Error 789" or "Error 781"

    The error messages 789 and 781 occur when IPsec is not configured properly on both ends. See the respective documentation on how to configure IPsec in the Microsoft L2TP/IPsec VPN Client and in the MikroTik RouterOS. If you do not want to use IPsec, it can be easily switched off on the client side. Note: if you are using Windows 2000, you need to edit system registry using regedt32.exe or regedit.exe. Add the following registry value to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Rasman\Parameters:
    Value Name: ProhibitIpSec
    Data Type: REG_DWORD
    Value: 1




You must restart the Windows 2000 for the changes to take effect

For more information on configuring Windows 2000, see:

© Copyright 1999-2007, MikroTik. All rights reserved. Mikrotik, RouterOS and RouterBOARD are trademarks of Mikrotikls SIA. Other trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned herein are properties of their respective owners.
Posted by I Nyoman Suryasa, S.Kom, M.Kom at 6:28:00 PM
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